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What is Thyroid
Disease?
The thyroid is a
small, butterfly-shaped gland
located just below the Adam's apple.
This gland plays a very important
role in controlling your body's
metabolism, that is, the
rate at which your body uses energy.
It does this by producing thyroid
hormones (primarily thyroxine, or
T4, and triiodothyronine, or T3),
chemicals that travel through your
blood to every part of your body.
These thyroid hormones tell the
cells in your body how fast to use
energy and create proteins. The
thyroid gland also makes calcitonin,
a hormone that helps to regulate
calcium levels in the blood by
inhibiting the breakdown (reabsorption)
of bone and increasing calcium
excretion from the kidneys.
Common Forms of
Thyroid Disease
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Hypothyroidism --
An underactive thyroid.
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Hyperthyroidism
-- An overactive thyroid.
-
Goiter
-- An enlarged thyroid.
-
Thyroid
Nodules -- Lumps in the thyroid
gland.
-
Thyroid
Cancer -- Malignant thyroid
nodules or tissue.
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Thyroiditis
-- Inflammation of the thyroid.
Symptoms of Thyroid
Disease
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Enlarged neck or
lump in neck
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Sudden weight
gain or loss
-
Loss of Hair
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Unusually low or
high pulse and pressure
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Extreme thirst or
hunger
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Constipation and
diarrhoea
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Fatigues, aches
and pains in joints and limbs
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Puffiness around
eyes
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Irregular
periods, infertility,
miscarriage
Who are at risk for
thyroid disease?
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Female: Women are
at greater risk than men.
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A
personal or family history of
thyroid and/or autoimmune
disease increases risk.
Surgical removal of all
or part of the thyroid, or
radioactive iodine treatment to
the thyroid -- both which
typically result in an
underactive thyroid.
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Being left-handed, ambidextrous
or prematurely gray mean greater
risk of autoimmune disease,
including thyroid problems
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Being pregnant or within the
first year after childbirth
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Current or former smoker
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Recent exposure to iodine via
contrast dye or surgical
antiseptic
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Iodine or herbal supplements
containing iodine, in pill or
liquid form
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Living in an iodine-deficient
area
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Various medical treatments,
including Interferon Beta-1b,
Interleukin-4,
immunosuppressants,
antiretrovirals, monoclonal
antibody (Campath-1H), bone
marrow transplant, Lithium,
amiodarone (Cordarone), and
other medications
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Overconsumption of raw
goitrogenic foods, i.e., Brussel
sprouts, turnips, cauliflower,
soy products and others
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Overconsumption of soy foods
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Recent neck trauma, biopsy,
injection or surgery
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Radiation exposure, through
radiation to neck area, or
exposure to nuclear facility or
accident, i.e., Chernobyl
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High stress life events
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